An energy source that can replenish itself such as wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, or even biomass is “renewable.” Many of those are also “sustainable” meaning they could continuously be used to provide enough energy to maintain the current status quo; however, some are not quite clean enough. One such unsustainable example is biofuel, where it is necessary to grow and harvest a plant-based product that overall emits more climate-affecting gasses upon its use — not a “sustainable” solution for future generations.

There are so many variables regarding which solutions can be used in various locations: how to maximize outputs while minimizing inputs, energy storage and transmission/distribution, the necessary regulation and fairness for places with economic disparities. Despite complexity we do have clear understanding of how to implement better methods today, what is needed is the pressure and will to do so at the appropriate scale.

It has been clear for a long time that our planet needs this update of energy sources and their uses to drive better outcomes from agricultural and industrial sectors for all consumers. Today’s top greenhouse gas emissions are coming from companies in the business of energy production itself, via fossil fuels like oil and coal. See below for the top culprits by country, sector, per capita, and company. Being informed can help the choices we make, assist in holding entities accountable, and also influencing those who decide the rules for global trade and environmental safety regulations.