An area of continued research is the hydrogen fuel cell that can provide power for various applications, such as energy production or to power vehicles. This process requires hydrogen to be liquefied, an energy-intensive process that currently produces greenhouse gasses, but other green methods such as electrolysis can be used as an alternative (provided that the power comes from renewable sources. Once converted to fuel and used, using the hydrogen is not environmentally harmful.

Hydrogen fuel is hard to store and is quite heavy as it needs to be in a high-pressure tank, it also is easily combustible and leaks are common. Despite these challenges, there is growing support for this process and it is currently in use, mostly in industrial applications (such as oil refining).